Українська Abstract
Low-grade inflammation (LGI) underlies numerous chronic diseases, including today’s major noncommunicable pandemics such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and certain types of cancer. This review aimed to analyse recent findings from scientific and medical publications concerning LGI, which remains a pressing issue. Considerable progress has been made in understanding key aspects of this condition, including the concept of LGI, its aetiology and pathogenesis, its role in the onset and progression of chronic non-communicable diseases, as well as in approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Research in this area primarily focused on the aetiology and pathogenesis of LGI, its association with chronic non-communicable diseases – especially metabolic disorders – and strategies for its modulation. The scope of this research covered the concept and prevalence of LGI; the significance of unhealthy dietary patterns, gut microbiota, social and psychosocial factors, sex and age in the aetiology and pathogenesis of LGI; certain molecular mechanisms involved in LGI; and its role in the development and progression of various chronic conditions and syndromes, including chronic pain, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, post traumatic stress disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic disorders and their complications – metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. Further attention is given to selected immune and humoral mechanisms linking LGI with metabolic diseases, as well as to the application of diet and physical activity in the treatment and prevention of LGI. Research into the biological and clinical aspects of LGI offered insight into its underlying causes and mechanisms, as well as those of related chronic diseases. Understanding these factors contributes to the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of LGI and associated chronic conditions
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